Macbeth coursework Essay

We know that lady Macbeth is not calm in the beginning of act 2 scene 2 because of all the factors used to create tension and an eerie surrounding, these are it is dark, some one has just gone to murder the king and the owl shrieking. She will also be on edge and continually watching her back, this will be because Macbeth has just gone to murder the king, and if it goes wrong everything points to them and they will be executed for treason. To calm her down she has a drink, ‘that which hath made them drunk hath made me bold†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ this shows she has had a drink to make her courageous. To add even more tension to this already tense scene the speech speed dramatically increases, ‘When?’ ‘Now.’ ‘As I descended?’ You can tell the speed increases allot because they don’t say more than three words to each other in this banter at this point in the scene. When the two actors playing this scene are acting they should be moving around in synchronised circles around the stage and express their speech in hand movements. After this they move onto a different subject, Donaldbain, the king’s son. The whole of this scene should be spoken not to loud but not to quiet because it is so early in the morning that it is dark, and everyone in the castle apart from them two is asleep. Macbeth then starts to tell Lady Macbeth that he heard the two guards and other voices praying and talking to him, ‘There’s one did laugh ins sleep, and one cried murder!’ he is telling Lady Macbeth about his hearings in this quote. Lady Macbeth believes him but does not want him to develop on these thoughts and move on, ‘consider it not so deeply.’ She is now telling him to move on to another subject and carry on as normal. She could be a bit worried about her husband Macbeth, ‘these deeds must not be thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ she is worried that he is dwelling on this subject too much for his and her own good,’ it will make us mad. ‘ This sentence is very ironic because in the later stages of the play it comes true, this comes true because lady Macbeth goes around washing her hands thinking there is blood on them but there actually isn’t. This ends in her committing suicide. She could also be trying to comfort him, ‘What do you mean?’ she could be trying to get all of his bad feelings out of him and out in the open so she can deal with him. This could also lead to it being easier for her to manipulate him by exploiting his weaknesses. The stronger character in this scene and the whole time she is in the play is Lady Macbeth in the way she controls her whole surroundings to the way she wants, ‘these deeds must not be thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ in this part of the play she is in controlling she is literally telling him what to think. There is a great warrior who has killed many in battle is putty in his wives hands, she can mould him into feeling and doing what she wants. Macbeth starts to show a little amount of backbone in the middle of the scene, ‘Ill go no more.’ This is when he confronts her and tells her he won’t do anymore when she tells him to put the daggers back and smear the blood on the guards. Earlier at the beginning of the scene when Macbeth returns from the murder of the king he brings back two crucial pieces of evidence that links them to the murder. The plan was to kill the king with the guard’s daggers and return the daggers after smearing the blood on the two guards to frame them. He does all of this apart from the returning the daggers. When Lady Macbeth realises this she is furious,’Infirm of purpose!’ She raised her voice severely, to prove how angry she is. She is saying to him that he can’t do the simple job he was told to do. So because of this fault it looks like the guards are innocent and they wanted to frame them. When Lady Macbeth goes to return the daggers this shows us she is not a normal women in accordance to those times,’ I’ll gild the faces of the grooms withal†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ this shows us she is not afraid to stare In the face of death and smear the faces of the guards which she has manipulated her husband to do. This is very strange because when this play was made the country was a very Christian and to murder a man in cold blood was a very serious offence let alone blame the murder on his own guards. Lady Macbeth is not a normal as we know because earlier in the play when we first see her in act 1 scene 5 she calls upon evil spirits to make her more of a man than a woman. When Lady Macbeth returns from smearing the blood on the guards she says,’ A little water clears us of this deed.’ She is basically saying that all it needs is a little bit of water to clean their hands then they are in the clear of the murder. This sentence is also ironic because when Lady Macbeth gets mentally ill in the later stages of the play she thinks her hands have blood on them so she continually washes them thinking the blood is still there even though there is none there. The way that Lady Macbeth is portrayed throughout the whole play from Act 1 scene 5 till she commits suicide is she is an opportunist; she sees the opportunity that Macbeth can become king so she pushes him and manipulates him to think he is the rightful king. She will also do anything to be crowned queen alongside him. She is also shown as very devious and a manipulator this is shown as she controls the best Scottish warrior is like a dog and she is the owner she tells him what to do and he does it, or a puppet master and the puppet. She also manipulates the noblest warrior to kill in cold blood. She is shown most of the way through the play as the more prominent and powerful character of all the characters in the play. I think that Shakespeare tried and succeed in personifying the devil in Lady Macbeth in the way she controls her environment to her advantage. What I thought of Lady Macbeth in the first time we see her when she reads the letter from Macbeth was that she was an elegant woman nothing like she turns out to be. But after she hears the prophecy about Macbeth becoming the king it is like an on/off switch to turn on or off the evilness inside of her. She believes,’ He is too full of the milk of human kindness.’ Meaning he is too kind to do any of the deeds he has done so far. Straight away she is scheming and wanted him to hurry home so she can,’ Pour my spirits in thine ear.’ Basically she wants to poison his mind.

Deontological Moral Theory Immanuel Kant Essay

Deontological moral theory is defined as the morally right thing to do is to do whatever is your duty. A scenario in which this theory could be used is the following: a close friend of yours dies. He has set aside $10 million to give to his favorite sports team, the New York Yankees. You promised him that you would give the money to the team because that was your friend’s last wish. Generous, but as you are walking to Yankee Stadium to give the money to George Steinbrenner (the owner) you see a sign that says, â€Å"World Food Program: need $10 million to save numerous villages in Africa†. You think about giving the money to the organization because that would be the utilitarian thing to do, to help out as many people as you possibly could, but is that the right thing to do when you promised you friend that you would give the money to the Yankees? You think to yourself, the Yankees don’t need the money, they are already a great baseball team have plenty of money from their owner. This money could save countless people from starvation. But you are obligated to give the money to the Yankees because that was your duty. One of the best and well know philosopher’s of the Enlightenment is Immanuel Kant. Kant’s view on ethics was: it’s absolute, the duties or imperatives are not hypothetical, but categorical (Pojman and Vaughn, 239). This means that our moral duties need to be made on reasoning, not feelings. Humans fall victim to incorporating their Sikkema 1 feelings into ethical, moral duties quite often, Kant’s theory displaces this and informs us that our duties need to be executed in a reasoned manner instead. Kant composed The Good Will as well as the three propositions of morality. These reinforce his theory of Categorical Imperative. This theory, later described, reinforces that moral duties be reasoned and separated from feelings. The Good Will composed by Kant says that, â€Å"Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good, without qualification, except a Good Will (Pojman and Vaughn 240). Good Will is known as the only thing that is good without any exceptions or rejections. This means that all other things that may be good aren’t because they require other factors to be considered good. These other factors cause the good to become tarnished. The first of the three propositions is ‘An action must be done from a sense of duty, if it is to have moral worth’ (Pojman and Vaughn, 242). What this proposition means is, to be morally responsible and worthy of something, the action must be done in a way that the person believes it is their duty. An example of this is someone who is having thoughts of suicide not committing suicide because the reason that this heinous act is â€Å"selfish†. The second proposition is: an action done form duty derives its moral worth, not form the purpose which is to be attained by it, but from the maxim (Pojman and Vaughn, 245). What this proposition means is the action itself doesn’t have moral significance but the moral worth is found in the maxim (rule) itself. The third proposition is: duty is the necessity of acting from respect for the law (Pojman and Vaughn, 246). What this means is following maxims is needed in Sikkema 2 performing rational duties. If these duties are not carried out following the law, they are considered not pure. A scenario representing the third proposition would be not cheating on a midterm. It is your duty as a student to take the midterm and to not cheat. The cheating would be considered not abiding by the maxims enforced by professors. Kant’s theory, Categorical Imperative, states that, â€Å"I am never to act otherwise than to will that my maxim should become universal law (Pojman and Vaughn, 247). Kant goes on to say in the description of Categorical Imperative, â€Å"†¦ I presently become aware that while I can will the lie, I can by no means will that lying should be a universal law. What Kant is trying to describe is that with himself lying, he destroys essential maxims. The Good Will as well as the three propositions add to the effectiveness of Kant’s Categorical Imperative. Kant’s theory emphasizes the fact that good is only good if the act is consciously done with the outcome of a duty being done. However, this duty becomes flawed because of feelings being involved in the duty instead of the duty being completed because of reasoning. Sikkema 3.

Application Of Ethical Theory To A Case Study Philosophy Essay

Application Of Ethical Theory To A Case Study Philosophy Essay John is a loyal employee and has been working at the same firm for many years, since the current manager was a child but a year ago John’s son and wife died in an accident, which led to John being depress. He turn up for work late, sometimes drunk and often absent. He has been repeatedly warned but his behaviour hasn’t change. The manager decides to keep him on the job; did he do the right thing? It can be acknowledge that business ethics is the process or the study of standard and principles that guide the expected behaviour in the business world. Although businesses must make a profit to ensure survival, efforts must be made in order to balance the aspiration for profit against the desires and needs of society. (Ferell 2002). Ethical decision-making is the process by which one makes choices about ethical issues, based on a set of standards that separate right from wrong. It reflects an understanding of the principles inherent in ethics, and the various philosophical approaches to ethical decision-making. Ethical decision-making also requires a systematic framework for tackling difficult and often controversial moral questions, as mention in the case study on whether Michael has done the right thing by keeping John on the job. With the business world changing all the time, a large variety of stakeholders may have an interest with an establishment, such as customers, shareholders, the media, government, non- government, employees and investors. Undoubtedly, they have a shifting level of authority on the growth and operation of the business. The case study illustrate 4 key stakeholder; Michael the manager, employees, family members and customers. It is vital that every stakeholder is taken into account before a decision is made. As mention by Freeman (1984) a stakeholder of an organisation is people who can influence or is impinge on by the achievement of the business objectives’. For instance to sack John, will it help his family? Will it help other employees? Will it benefit the business? All these questions must be taken in account before sacking John. A factor that determines a decision is based on how pertinent or important the case is, or the intensity of the issue.   The importance of issues varies from time to time, and is influenced by one’s values and beliefs. Individuals and their values is one of the greatest challenges faced as it relates to organizational ethics.   Individual factors are important in evaluating and resolving ethical issues.   Conflicts between co-workers usually arise in the workplace and decisions that are made are based on their beliefs and moral philosophies.  Ã‚   Ethical issues importance reflects an individual’s feelings, thereby activating the ethical decision-making process.   The management can influence an ethical decision through rewards or punishments.   Employees should train workers on how to handle ethical issues which is a step in developing the employees’ ability to make decisions which will also enhance organizational ethics. Without a doubt, the decision to dismiss John will have a major impact on him. This is due to the fact that he is unskilled. Getting back to employment will be difficult as all businesses will look for someone who has skilled. In addition it will be hard to get back into employment due to the fact that businesses may ask him why he left his previous job and to say â€Å"I got the sack† will not please to the employee.

John Locke vs. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Locke vs. Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Essay Example The differences of these two great political thinkers stems on how they assessed the evolution of society. Locke’s perspective begins with man’s natural state of being free but this freedom does not mean imposing itself over another (Chapter V). Eventually, people form society and to best protect them and their property, they have to submit to a government that will enforce a certain standard of behavior that will benefit everybody. For Locke government is good for everybody. Rousseau differed from Locke as he likened the natural state of man to that of a beast and differs only with his perfectibility or capacity to improve himself. Rousseau theory of man’s formation of society is unhealthy because it induces the people to have a new need that will make them compare to others eventually leading to a dominance of certain people over another. To avoid conflict, the prevailing class proposed to have some sort of body politic. Those who are powerless accept this beli eving that this will provide them freedom and safety when in fact will only make inequality more permanent by the establishment of laws. In a way, Rousseau can be said to be a precursor of Karl Marx’s socialist idea of class conflict that is precipitated by inequality in society. Locke on the other hand is the precursor of the modern idea of democracy because his theory of government in his Second Treatise of the Government   that puts forth the sovereignty of the people who chose to establish it to serve them is the same concept that we have now about democracy. His other ideas about government that it derives its sovereignty from the people that government by itself has no sovereignty and the people has the right to abolish it if it no longer serves its purpose and replace it with one that serves its purpose is the same idea that we have about democracy. Just like Rousseau, Locke also anticipated that the acquisition of property will lead into conflict. They only differ i n perspective as Locke thought that the establishment of body politic would best protect them by enforcing laws for certain standard of behavior while Rousseau thought that it will make inequality more permanent. If their treatises will be translated into platform of government, Locke would likely be more appropriate to America’s neo-liberal political orientation that man is basically free and only agreed to establish a strong government for everybody’s good. This is consistent with American’s value system and being such, it is very likely that Locke will win if he will run against Rousseau in America. With regard to policy direction, Locke is likely to oppose Obama’s Health Care Program as it infringes on the property of other who have to subsidize those who cannot afford it. Locke’s puts a primacy on private property and the idea of subsidizing others might not sit well with him. Locke would also likely to strengthen business by introducing laws that would protect it and its property. Rousseau treatise on the other hand would be incompatible with America’s value system but he would make an interesting case. As he is oppose to inequality, Rousseau will likely introduce government programs that will bridge his perceive inequality in American

Learning from our success and our failure Essay

Learning from our success and our failure - Essay Example He thinks that he won because nobody else deserved it, which is often not the case because the most hard working do not necessarily make it to the top. This attitude defines such an individual as a selfish, proud, and morally degraded person. On the contrary, let’s suppose an individual who becomes more thankful to God upon becoming successful in achieving his goal. His success makes him more down-to-earth and modest. Instead of thinking of himself as a superior being, he guides others so that they can also achieve their goals. Success of such an individual defines him as a thankful, caring, and modest person. Now let’s consider the cases of failures. Let’s suppose an individual who fails to achieve his goal. He becomes so dishearted that he gives up and never tries again. Such attitude would define this individual as an impatient person who is also not very hard working. On the contrary, let’s consider an individual who fails to achieve his goal but does not give up until he finally achieves it. This person would be defined as a determined, focused, and hard working person. People’s tendency to learn from their successes and failures varies from one person to another. Some people learn from their successes and failures whereas others never learn any lesson. However, the tendency of an individual to learn from his/her failures is more compared to his/her tendency to learn from his/her successes. This is because of the fact that when an individual fails, he/she tries to identify the factors that caused him/her to fail if he/she is wise. Identification of these factors makes this individual learn a lesson. On the other hand, successes are just celebrated and many people become so overwhelmed with the joy of success that they do not care to learn a lesson from it. However, there are always some wise people who reflect upon their experiences to identify the strategies and

The Tiebout Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Tiebout Model - Essay Example The main finding included the fact that inter-jurisdictional competition is a vital element of the mechanism. The key players in Tiebout’s model are individual citizens and governments. business firms are not an explicit part of the model (Brueckner 2004, p 138). It was meant to be applied to local governments and to a lesser degree, to state governments. The model assumes citizens have full knowledge of government revenue and expenditure packages, that there are a large number of communities among which individuals can choose to live, and that people will opt for the community that best satisfies their preferences. Moreover, the model assumes that government services exhibit no spillover effects (Billings 2008, p 45). Tiebout’s model made three additional assumptions; one, that jobs impose no locational constraint on individuals; two, that a community’s optimal size, meaning the size for which the average cost of producing a particular packages of public service s is minimized, can be determined; and three, that each community seeks to attain its optimal size (Feiock 2004, p. 76). The model envisions citizens sorting themselves out among available communities so that demands for government services within any particular community would become homogenous. In theory, Tiebout concluded that to the extent these rather restrictive assumptions are met, good and services provided by the local public sector will exhibit both allocative efficiency (the right amounts of the various good and services are produced ) and productive efficiency (they are produced at least cost) (Rivkin 2001, p. 206). In Tiebout’s model, community taxes would be benefit taxes, or proportional to the benefits citizens receive form public services, rather than taxes based on the ability to pay. Tiebout’s model implies that any redistribution of income is taken care of by the federal government (Rivkin 2001, p. 207). Despite all the pros of the Tiebout model, va rious changes in the finance systems of local governments over the last three decades, such as fiscal centralization, work against the establishment of Tiebout effects. This uniformity is undesirable and future reforms should target to encourage a greater diversity of service provision. Competition among local governments, cities and municipalities, as depicted in Tiebout’s model, most at times serve to improve efficiency and delivery of service and goods to the citizens. Based on Tiebout’s model, where there is competition, citizens will come together to take care of all types of demands for public goods and service (Widmer & Zweifel 2008, p. 5). Moreover, individuals will relocate to communities that best meets their demand for public goods and services and the productivity is improved and more efficient since shady and/ ineffective providers of public services and goods will not get any clients. Tiebout model has all the benefits of a competitive market (Feiock 2004 , p. 97). According to Tiebout, it is clear that decentralization of provision of public goods and services results in a positive influence on performance. The rationale is that citizens will procure from the providers who give them the best quotient between public service and tax paid. In a study on fiscal equalization, where disparities among local

Sexual development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexual development - Essay Example Teen pregnancy is associated with the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, low-birth weight children, and in addition also affects the studies and subsequent career of teenagers. Abstinence from sex has been a very popular and widely recommended method with nearly 90% of parents in support of such programs (Teen Pregnancy Statistics; Rector and Johnson). Studies have shown that abstinence from sex has resulted in a lesser rate of school drop-outs and increased graduation rates from college. This has been attributed to increased impulse control and focus exhibited by the teenagers on their future life by acting in a planned manner and controlling their emotions and sexual desires. In addition such teenagers also posses delay of gratification by which they are able to set aside immediate pleasures in order for them to work for the future and earn better rewards. They also develop the ability to resist peer pressure in matters concerning sexual activity and become more focused on thei r academic and personal development. They are also able to exhibit better frustration tolerance and also program their adolescent minds to concentrate on the better opportunities in life rather than arousing sexual fantasies.

MGMT 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MGMT 3000 - Essay Example Here possessing high score refers to organized, responsible and dependable nature where scoring low refers to unreliable and disorganized nature. Emotional Stability: It deals with ability to handle stress. People having high emotional stability, always tend to become secure and self-confident and have comparatively higher job and life satisfaction. On the other side people with low emotional stability tends to be anxious, depressed and nervous. Openness to Experience: It focuses to determine desire and interest towards the creativity and novelty. People scoring low have a tendency to be conventional, where as on the opposite side high scorers tend to be curious, creative and artistically sensitive. Positive core self evaluators like themselves and consider themselves as capable and effective. They usually set ambitious goal and tend to perform better to achieve them where as negative evaluators dislike themselves and consider themselves as powerless. It defines the ability of the people to fit external and situational factors through adjusting their behaviors. People scoring low in this factor usually have high behavioral consistency and vice-versa. High self-monitors take leadership positions instead of having less commitment to their organizations. There are basically two personality types A and B. Type A refers to the competitive people and can work well in high level of stress also. They are basically fast workers and less quality conscious and highly prized in America. Where as Type B people are less competitive by nature and have less time urgency. Proactive Personality: Possessing this personality, enable individuals to show initiatives and identify opportunities. They are use to be the leaders and change agents and like to challenge the status quo. It ranks the individual’s value into the hierarchical value system. It consists of the content and intensity which denotes the importance of the mode of

Final Project Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final - Statistics Project Example The interest of the study is to test if there is any significance difference between the energy intake before and after the exercise session. The most appropriate test for this study is the paired sample t-test. The test determines if there is significant difference between average values of measurements taken from a sampling unit under two different conditions (Park, 2009). The test is based on the paired difference between the two measurements. This is a two tailed test where both variables are dependent variables, i.e. pre and post-test variables. The power and post hoc testing for this study will be Bonferroni and Turkey’s test. Bonferoni is the simplest post hoc test because of its flexibility and ability to be used as correction test (Pavlidis, n.d). Bonferroni calculates the new pairwise alpha to be compared with the initial alpha . Bonferroni alpha is calculated as Pretessting and posttessting data both seem to be normally distributed. The conclusion is supported by Shapiro wilk test for normality. This test was chosen since it works best for a smaller samples size of less than 50. The results were as follows; From Shapiro wilk test, both pretesting and posttesting data was normally distributed. The significance values 0.803 and 0.712 are both greater than alpha 0.05. This test confirms that the data is appropriate for a paired t-test. In this study, there were 20 people whose energy intake was examined before and after going to the gym. The average energy intake before the exercise sessions was 6650.7 with a standard deviation of 1495.704 while the energy intake after the session was 5304 with a standard deviation of 1518.826. The last column gives the standard error of the mean for each of the test. This output also shows that there were 20 pairs of observation in the study. The correlation between variables in given in column three i.e . The fourth column shows the p value for the correlation coefficient. With an

Based on a business model, write a business plan Assignment

Based on a business model, write a business plan - Assignment Example Sydney has a very active nightlife but most bars located near the Harbour area are expensive and crowded, clients are frequently confronted with unpleasant strangers who have had too much to drink and noisily beeping poker machines. Sinner Party Company would provide their clients with the freedom to choose a private bar service at their own venue, a bar in premises provided by the company, bar supplies, a menu of their preference and even their own guest list, so client has absolutely nothing to worry about except having a good time. The unique offering of the company is that they are licensed to provide sales and service on a mobile basis across Sydney, thus Sinner Party Company can set up a shop at venues that do not hold a liquor license such as the client’s homes. The company would provide bar services for weddings, corporate or private parties. The company is a dedicated project of two enterprising state-licensed individuals who have had more than 10 years of experience in the industry, a team of professionally trained bar tenders, a dedicated creative team. From professional services, wide selection of menu items, themed parties, to exceptional decor and music SPC can customize any soiree to the needs of their client and give them a memorable event. The company requires financial assistance from bank (s) which would be payable over a period of 10 years as the business prospers. Table of Contents Business Plan 1 Sinner Party Company 1 Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 2 1.Background 4 1.1.Mission Statement 4 1.2.Company History 4 1.3.Business Goals of the Firm 5 2.Marketing 6 2.1.Market Research 6 2.2.Market Analysis 6 2.3.Industry Trends 6 2.4.Seasonal Variations 7 2.5.Competition 8 3.SWOT Analysis 9 4.Marketing Mix 10 5.Operations and Production 12 5.1.Licensing Requirements for a business in Sydney 12 Certificate of Registration of a Club 12 Club Licence (Liquor) 12 Food Standards Code 12 APRA Licence - Recorded Music for Dance Use in Nightc lubs 12 Approval to Connect a Private Drain or Sewer with a Public Drain or Sewer 12 Approval to Dispose of Waste into a Public Sewer 12 Australian Business Number Registration (ABN) 12 Compliance Certificate 12 Employer Requirements - Superannuation Guarantee 12 Fair Work Information Statement 12 Final Fire Safety Certificate 12 National Business Name Registration 12 Notification of a Food Business 12 Occupation Certificate 12 5.2.Obtaining a Liquor license 12 5.3.Organizational Chart 13 5.4.Plant and Equipment 14 6.Financial Forecasting 15 6.1.Forecasting Profitability 15 6.2.Forecasting Assets, Financing Requirements and Cahs Flows 17 6.3.Labour Costs 20 7.Time Line for SPC 21 8.Life Cycle of Business 22 9.References 23 Appendix 25 1. Background Since colonisation the pub has been an integral part of the Australian culture, for both social and economic reasons (Kirkby, 1997). Kirkby (1997, p. 19) further writes that pub keeping had a central role in colonisation because it provid ed a place to stay, eat and socialize to travellers and outlying settlers, and eventually became the centres of towns and an essential part of European identity. Since 1990s there was a gradual liberalisation of pubs and nightclubs in Australia because: firstly the pub hours increased and second there was massive expansion in NSW and Victoria where the regulatory requirement of accompanying food with drinks was abandoned (Blocker et al., 2003). Sydney is the financial hub of Australia; it is the home to most major banks and multinational corporations

Society’s Curiosity of the Unknown Essay Example for Free

Society’s Curiosity of the Unknown Essay Whenever I am walking home alone, I am always paranoid that something is going to happen to me. I start to think about all of the horrible possibilities that could occur and I always feel as if I am being followed or watched. Even walking in an empty parking lot to my car scares me because I have a fear of being abducted. I, along with most people, was raised to be cautious of things like that. I was taught to always think of the worst thing that can happen, to be safe and to prevent the worst from happening. I am scared of death because I do not know what will happen after that. American’s obsession with the dark side comes from the curiosity of death. This obsession came from the first death of a human being. That was when curiosity about death and the afterlife originated. People do not know what happens after death and we are interested to find out more. Americans today come across the dark side every day whether they realize it or not. Inquisitiveness about the dark side appears in books, movies, and television shows. The piece â€Å"Zombies: why are we so obsessed?† by Eric G. Wilson, refers to all of the zombie and vampire themed books, movies, and television shows in today’s society. â€Å"True Blood,† â€Å"The Walking Dead,† and â€Å"Twilight† are some very well-known examples he uses to capture our attention and also to answer the question why we are so obsessed with death. â€Å"Maybe our obsession with zombies is a reflection of our fear of a pandemic virus that will transform us into flesh-starved corpses. Or perhaps we are afraid of a global financial collapse that would result in cannibalistic hordes haunting burned-out cities,† (1) wrote Wilson. The author of this article does not even know the answer, but that is precisely the point, the answer to the afterlife will forever remain unknown. The answer to our obsession is simply mere curiosity about death and the afterlife. These shows are produced to entertain and meant to provide us some sort of relief to the lingering questions we ask ourselves every day, even though the answers are not concrete, whatsoever. Finding answers to these questions is why there are so many artistic pieces centered around the dark side which began the gothic era, circa mid 12th century. Edgar Allen Poe is one of the first American authors of gothic literature. The reason Poe’s writing is so intriguing is because it relates to society’s curiosity or apprehension of death. His writing is so interesting because any revulsion the reader has about death or the afterlife is diluted because they are experiencing death through someone else’s eyes and not their own. There is nothing more intriguing than the unknown of the afterlife. There seems to be some sort of an addiction to receiving any knowledge or vindications about death or the afterlife. We can get these answers from reading gothic literature such as this by Poe. Poes writing is popular because of how it relates to our fear of the unknown. Americans are often obsessed with the dark side of human nature which is a reflection of this fear. The Masque of the Red Death is one of the many famous pieces of gothic literature written by Poe. The short story takes place in Europe around the time of the 14th century where an epidemic of the Red Death, has killed off half of the population. Prince Prospero shut himself away in his castellated abbey with seven irregular rooms representing the seven stages of life. The most eastern room was light blue, emphasizing life and the subsequent rooms ranged from purple, green, orange, white, violet, and finally, the most western room was black. The black room symbolizes the gothic fear of the end of life. The sun rises in the blue east room, representing the beginning of the day and the beginning of life, and the sun sets in the black west room, signifying the end of the day or end of life. Prospero decides to invite the healthiest aristocrats to a masquerade ball in his castle. He and his guests foolishly feel safe and protected from the disease and death because the abbey is surrounded with â€Å"a strong and lofty wall with gates of iron.† Once inside, no one can escape and no one can get in. In the black room, there is unusual dà ©cor. There is an ebony clock, which symbolizes death. It chimes each hour to remind the partiers of the fear they have about the ending of their lives. The masqueraders were considered grotesque. Towards the end of the story, an uninvited guest representing the red death, who is dressed as a corpse, interrupts the party. This creature walks from room to room and past the guests to the black room, the most western room. No one goes near the shrouded man except Prince Prospero who is following him angrily and â€Å"he bore aloft a drawn dagger.† He confronts the red death. Shortly afterwards there is a scream and Prince Prospero falls to the floor dead. The figure stands in the shadow of a clock and the partiers realize that there is no life form behind this mask. When they realize that, one by one the guests start to die. Poe ends the story with the irony of death being inevitable as much as Prospero and the partiers tried to avoid it. When the ebony clock symbolizing death chimes every hour, the guests stop everything they are doing in order to reflect on death. â€Å"While the chimes of the clock rang, it was observed that the giddiest grew pale, and the more aged and sedate passed their hands over their brows as if in confused reverie or meditation† (2) When the clock echoed its chimes, the people who were the most alive even took time to bring their activities to an end in order to think about death and what happens when their life ends. The oldest of the guests were confused, putting their hands on their heads to consider the lives they have lived and what would happen if and when it all concluded. The guests of the party focus on running away or avoiding death. They do not want to come into contact with it because they do not know what will happen to them. This is why when the clock chimes, everyone goes silent and dazes off trying to view their beliefs on what death would really be like. They also come to the realization when the clock chimes that someday, their lives will end. It is almost as if everybody goes through a tempora ry transformation when the clock echoes and chimes. They take a step back and face the reality that they cannot hide from death forever. However, when the clock stops echoing, these thoughts are diminished and everyone resumes their previous activities overlooking the thoughts they just had, as if nothing had even happened. The guests continue to party with laughter filling the room. Later towards midnight, which is also the end of the day, symbolizing the end of life, this masked stranger suspends the party. The partiers immediately go quiet when they come to this realization that there is something bizarre about this figure. â€Å"There were many individuals in the crowd who had found leisure to become aware of the presence of a masked figure which had arrested the attention of no single individual before. And the rumor of this new presence having spread itself whisperingly around, there arose at length from the whole company a buzz, or murmur, expressive of disapprobation and surprise†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2) The partiers discuss in a quiet manner what they think this unwelcoming intruder could represent out of curiosity . They do not gaze away from it, attempting to discover the true inscrutability of this unknown figure. At first the guests are disturbed that something like this would even occur in a ball that clearly reprimanded anything to do with death. They express disapproval and disgust when they first perceive this distinguishing character. However, they then begin to communicate to one another in a hushed tone what they think this craze may be. The guests do not fail to glance away or stop conversing endeavoring to figure out what this spiritual disposition represents out of their curiosity of the unidentified and the unknown. Poe’s gothic literature is not the only piece that represents society’s obsessive curiosity about death. William Faulkner is an American author of gothic literature in the 20th century that is also well known for his gothic writing style. Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily is a gothic horror story set in the antebellum South. The story is told in retrospect about a spinster named Emily Grierson. It begins and ends at her funeral and the narrator moves through her life from about the age of 30 until the age of 74. Emily is an eccentric aristocrat who lives with a very controlling father, who imprisons her in their home. At about the age of 30 her father dies but she is so eccentric and resistant to change that she refuses to accept his death for 3 days. â€Å"She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days† (3) Her father left her only the house, and no money. She is in denial of the fact and refuses to accept the deterioration of her social status. One day, Homer Barron, a northern construction foreman and self-proclaimed lifelong bachelor, comes into her life. In spite of the fact that she is penniless, she shows a condescending attitude toward him and feels that she is superior. â€Å"Because the ladies all said, â€Å"Of course Grierson would not think seriously of a northerner, a day laborer.†Ã¢â‚¬  (3) Eventually, she falls in love, but her love is expressed to Homer in the same way her father’s love was shown to her. Love equals control. Her tragic determination to keep Homer in her life and stop time leads her to murder the man. Years later when she dies at the age of 74, neighbors attend her funeral on the pretense of showing respect. However, it is their morbid curiosity that drives them to see her and her house. After her burial, the decomposed body of the entrapped Homer Barron is found in what appears to be a macabre bridal chamber and a grotesque shrine. Death and denial are recurring themes throughout the story. The death of the two men Emily loved most, her father and Homer, her denial of their deaths, her den ial of her diminished status, and finally, her own death weave through the story from beginning to end. Emily’s constant need for attention and approval lead her to be curious about not only death, but life as well. When she meets Homer in the story, she accepts carriage rides from him even when she hardly knows him and someone in her place typically would not associate with a northern laborer. An outcome of her father’s death is Emily’s newfound freedom and her birth of curiosity to what she has been missing out on in life. When she falls in love with Homer, she takes after her father and shows her affection peculiarly by controlling everything he does. Her cousins come to stay with Emily and as a result of this, Homer moves out. Emily then starts to relive her fear of being alone and deprived of attention. When Homer returns, Emily poisons him. Her curiosity about what her life would be like without him drives her to do this and he fear underscores her curiosity. To ensure that this never happens, she kills him. Curiosity about death appears throughout gothic lit erature from past to present but it appears in modern times too. Long Island Medium is a television program on TLC about a woman named Theresa Caputo, who supposedly can come into contact with the dead. The spirits speak to her to reassure those who were left behind of whatever concerns them. This provides closure to the people that have lost those loved ones. Long Island Medium is a well-liked show because it provides people with answers about those they have lost such as if they are okay, if they are in heaven, and what they are feeling. Curiosity about loved ones people have lost is the reason for the show’s popularity and it shows us how society is obsessed with the dark side. â€Å"I have been channeling spirit for 11 years now, and everyone wants to know what happens when they die,† says Caputo. In regular episodes of Long Island Medium, Theresa Caputo will be doing necessary daily activities and she will come into contact with the spirits. While at the supermarket, Caputo encounters two women and one of them has a baby in a st roller. She approaches them regularly. â€Å"My name is Theresa and I’m a medium,† she says with a smile on her face. She then goes on to the woman with the baby that she feels that there is energy between a mother and a father having a recognition and excitement towards the baby. She then goes on to ask the mother of the baby if her parents had died. The woman, Vanessa, from East Meadow, tells her story about how both her parents had passed away and she never got to say goodbye. â€Å"Just know that your dad is stepping forward along with your mom acknowledging the birth of your beautiful son,† she says politely. Vanessa smiles somewhat morosely and manages an â€Å"okay.† Caputo persists with telling Vanessa that her parents are watching over the baby by the rocking chair in the baby’s room. Vanessa’s mother’s spirit tells Caputo of the baby’s yellow room in their new house and Caputo says this to Vanessa. Vanessa and her Aunt smile a nd laugh in disbelief. â€Å"Just know that her soul is with you because she says you don’t feel her,† Caputo goes on. Vanessa said she never felt that her mother was with her spiritually. â€Å"I always say that. I can’t believe you just said that,† says Vanessa. â€Å"Your mother is leaning over and kissing you and saying that she’s proud of you and that you’re going to be an amazing mom.† Vanessa nods and begins to cry. It seemed as if she was waiting for some kind of answers for years. She was curious to find out vindications to how her parents were and what they thought of her. Almost every human being has experienced death in some way. An inference on why this show is so notorious is because of the human intellect that there is an afterlife, but it is just unknown. Society preys on any type of justification on what happens after death. There are other modern gothic shows on television that show society’s curiosity about the afterlife and the unknown, but in fictional forms. Pretty Little Liars is a show on ABC family about four girls who are trying to solve the mystery of the death of their closest friend Allison. Shortly after the confirmation of Allison’s death, all four girls start to get disturbing texts and messages from an anonymous person who calls themselves â€Å"A† Their deceased friend Allison was the only one they told all of their secrets to. They figured since she was dead that all of their secrets were safe. However, â€Å"A† knows everything there is to know about all four of the girls’ lives. Every situation that happens to them whether it is financial, romantic, or criminal, A is the first person to know about it. The girls reunite and figure out that they all receive these messages from A. They try to unfold the mystery behind A along with trying to configure the clandestine of their friend Allison’s death. They start to wonder if this A is really Allison and if she is still alive. Attempting to unravel this enigma leads them into life threatening positions which change their reputations and self-confidence. The obsession in finding out the unknown of what happened to their friend and what happens to them in the result of trying to solve this mystery is the consequences of their simple curiosity. In the beginning of this hit series, the girls’ beloved friend Allison, whom they confided in, mysteriously disappeared. Questioning of her disappearance was the uproar of the town. Shortly afterwards, the police found her dead body. When all of the girls start receiving the same, eerie text messages, with information that only Allison knew of them, they start to question if Allison is really dead, or if her spirit is within the messages. Their curiosity of the unknown leads them to questioning what really happened to their friend. If the inhuman had no sense of curiosity, they would not find themselves caught up in the drama an anonymous figure is trying to provoke. Their curiosity leads to this obsession of finding out everything there is to know about their friend’s death and what really happened to her. If society was not curious about the afterlife and death, we would not have all of these books, stories, television shows or movies revolving around the dark side. The essence of mystery is what attracts society to creating any source of material to find any information. Curiosity is simply in our nature. If there were no curiosity, billions of dollars would not be made in trying to provide people with some sort of answers to what they are seeking. Curiosity birthed America’s obsession with the dark side.

The Monastery Essay Example for Free

The Monastery Essay I am a currently trained in Military Free-Fall, so it would be safe to say that I have knowledge by observation and participation. I have enjoyed watching skydiving competitions on television and in the military. As a kid I can remember wanting to do that when I grew up. When I joined the Special Forces in 1989 I knew my chances were greatly increasing for me to participate in skydiving operations, but it wasnt until 1995 when that final moment would arrive. I enjoy the excitement of participation in a skydiving operation that consists in small numbers of personnel to a mass group. There are several stages a beginner will go though until their first jump without an instructor. First let me tell you about the training that I went though in my quest to fulfill my childhood dreams. Since I had been trained in basic airborne operations (static line jumps) this made an easier to transition into skydiving operations for the instructors. The initial training begins with what we call tabletop drills. An instructor places everyone on a tabletop and talks you though the basic movements techniques that you will perform in the air. This is where you learn basic turns, flips, formations, rolls and other various drills. The next step you learn is how to pack and inspect your parachute in less than five minutes. The vertical wind tunnel is the second phase of training you go though in order to practice you tabletop drills before you actually perform a real jump. Once you have demonstrated your skill to an instructor that you can perform the entire basic task only then will you be allowed to move onto the last phase of training. The last phase of training is jumping out of an aircraft up to 12,500 feet above sea level. Your first jump an instructor hangs on to you while you exit the aircraft to ensure you stabilize yourself in the air. One you have done this he lets go and instructs you to perform the basic task you learned earlier, while grading you on your performance. Wow what a rush of adrenalin you get on your first jump at that height. Now its up to you to complete the rest of the training that you learned earlier during the course. Time management is a very hard concept for me to get a grasp on. This is one subject that everyone has knowledge of by both participation and observation. I have attended lecture from top-level executives on this subject down to basic level training by correspondence with limited success. My daily experiences with time management are quite different from that of a person who has a routine job. With my job changes are made at the last minute. For example, I could be in the process of gathering research for a project to deploying the next day (unannounced) to a remote country to train foreign troops in unconventional warfare all due to shortage of personnel on operational teams. Our job (Special Forced Intelligence Sergeants) has been referred to as the jack-of-all-trades, master of nothing. This stems from out extensive knowledge of all military type operations and training, but not given the time to focus on one specific skill. At times this can be very frustrating job with the constant change that effect a daily scheduled, but rewarding in other aspects due to the various activities that you may encounter along the way. The President of the United States is a subject that I have only knowledge by observation. I have learned a great deal just by watching the man and the office. I learned a small portion about politics in school because it was not a particular interest to me at the time. Now it has a great impact on my job and my future it has become more interesting to me. I listen to each candidate when they run for office to determine which one is the best suited for the job. I have learned a lot about the candidates just by watching them interact with the media during their debates. In the past the Presidency has been a very respectable and well sought out title to hold as a politician. In todays society the Presidency has lost some prestige due to men that held that position and allowed their selves to fall to corruptions and scandals.

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Achievement

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Achievement Present study was conducted to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement in A level students. A sample of 50 students in which 25 girls and 25 boys, age ranged from 16 to 20 years were taken from 3 schools. They completed two questionnaire Life Orientation Test-Revised and Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test. And Academic Achievement was measured through grades of the students from their school record. Pearson correlation and t-test was applied on data that revealed 1) highly significant relationship between emotional intelligence, optimism and academic achievement. 2) There is no significant gender difference on the scales of Life Orientation Test-Revised and Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test. Findings showed that there is a positive relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement thus it is important for the parents and the teachers to make the children learn to be optimist ic and learn to control and manage their emotions as well. Introduction This research aims to find the relation of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement among students of (A levels) higher secondary school. Academic achievement only did not depict that the student is emotionally intelligent or optimistic and can do well in all phases of life. Traditionally an individuals smartness is measured in terms of his or her IQ, it is assumed that professionals and experts have high IQ, however IQ serves as only the index of numerical and analytical ability, it has little or no significance with success in professional and personal life because according to Goleman (1995) IQ alone is no more the measure for success; emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and luck also play a big role in a persons success, it is the Emotional Intelligence which turns the human being into a successful and prosperous because they knew their emotions and can identify others as well and able to manipulate them or control them in better way and if the person is optimistic then his/her optimistic thinking and emotional intelligence will definitely escorts him/her to successful life, accordingly this research aspires to stumble on the relation of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement. Emotional intelligence (EI) can be defined as; it is being able to monitor our own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this to guide our thinking and actions (Salovey Mayer, 1990). The attribute of EI is essentially comprised of four basic components; the ability to recognize and express emotion; being able to access and utilize emotions to enable thought; the ability to understand emotions; and to manage emotions. The emotionally intelligent person is skilled in four areas: identifying, using, understanding and regulating emotions (Salovey Mayer, 1993). Then it can be said that success depends on several intelligences and on the control of emotions. John Mayer and Peter Salovey (1990) found that some people were better than others at things like identifying their own feelings, identifying the feelings of others, and solving problems involving emotional issues. According to them EI is a true form of intelligence which has not been scientifically measured. They proposed that emotional intelligence deals with the emotions in a way that if someone is emotionally intelligent he/she will be better able to manage his/her emotions and integrate them. According to Cooper and Sawaf (1997), emotional intelligence is the ability to logically manage the emotions, understands and to applies these controlled and managed emotions to connect and influence. These authors lay more emphasis on the application part of EI in organizations. In simple words emotional intelligence is using your emotions intelligently. The first step to this would be recognizing and understanding your emotions. For example, if your boss screams at you in office today because you came in late, coming home and screaming at your kids would not be the best thing to do. It will just keep the negative feeling floating from one persons head to another. An emotionally intelligent person in this situation would first recognize that he is angry because his boss yelled at him. Dr. Goleman (1999) asserts that awareness of our feelings also enables us to perceive the feelings of others accurately -to be empathetic, to feel with another person. In this case, understanding that your boss yelled because you came late, will make you realize that being on time will make things better. Thus, dealing with our emotions rationally and intelligently will make events better. When psychologists began to write and think about intelligence, they focused on cognitive aspects, such as memory and problem-solving. (Cherniss, 2000). However, there were researchers who recognized early on that the non-cognitive aspects were also important. For instance, David Wechsler defined intelligence as the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment (Wechsler, 1958) as cited in (Cherniss, 2000). Wechsler referred to non-intellectiveËœ as well as intellectiveËœ by which he meant affective, personal, and social factors. Wechsler was not the only researcher who saw non-cognitive aspects of intelligence to be important for adaptation and success. Robert Thorndike as cited in (Cherniss, 2000), to take another example, was writing about social intelligenceËœ in the late thirties (Thorndike Stein, 1937). Unfortunately, the work of these early pioneers was largely forg otten or overlooked until 1983 when Howard Gardner as cited in (Cherniss, 2000), began to write about multiple intelligence. Gardner (1983) proposed that intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences are as important as the type of intelligence typically measured by IQ. Academic achievement is the ability to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information, effectively communicate with others, proficient in science, mathematics, computer/technical skills, foreign languages, as well as history, geography, and global awareness, capable of collaboratively working in culturally diverse settings, leaders who see projects through to completion, responsible decision makers who are self-motivated and active political participants and ethical individuals who are committed to their families, communities, and colleagues (Nidds McGerald, 1996). The relationship of emotional intelligence and academic achievement can be depicted from this study conducted by Elias, M. J., Gara, M., Schuyler, T., Brandon-Muller, L. R., Sayette, M. A (1991) that the teaching emotional and social skills is very important at school, it can affect academic achievement positively not only during the year they are taught, but during the years that follow as well. Teaching these skills has a long-term effect on achievement. Emotional intelligence effects the academic achievement in positive ways and it remains with the individual by the end of life. The emotions, feelings, and values are vital for a persons well being and achievement in life (Ediger, 1997). Quality emotions and feelings help students give their best potential in the classroom. The students who are aversive and think negatively cannot concentrate for a long time and have more difficulty in reaching their potential than others. Abdullah, Maria., Chong., Elias, Habibah., Mahyuddin., Rahil., Uli., Jegak (2004) conducted research to examine students overall level of EQ. Research findings indicate that there is positive relationship between EQ and academic achievement. The students positive relationship with academic achievement indicated that if the student performed better on his/her academics then he/she will be emotionally intelligent too. And the other finding of this study is the students have negative relationship of EQ with the negative affect (anger, frustration and anxiety) which showed that the students with high EQ have low negative affect or negative relationship with negative affect (anger, frustration and anxiety). Natalio. E. A., Durà ¡n, L. R (2006) examined the relationships between perceived emotional intelligence (PEI), dispositional optimism/pessimism and psychological adjustment (perceived stress and life satisfaction. Findings confirmed that emotional clarity and mood repair are significant in predicting perceived stress and life satisfaction after the influence of optimism/pessimism were controlled. Thus this research predicted that adolescents with high perceptions of emotional abilities (in particular, high clarity and repair) generally show higher life satisfaction and lower perceived stress. Moreover, to some degree, this effect might be considered as independent from their own optimistic or pessimistic dispositions. James, D. A., Parker, R. E., Creque, D. L., Barnhart, J. I., Harris, S. A., Majeski, L. M. (2004) found the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement in high school Trent university Peterborough. Variables were compared in (highly successful students, moderately successful, and less successful based on grade-point-average for the year), academic success was strongly associated with several dimensions of emotional intelligence. Considering that EI can be a potential determinant of achievement in working life, thus the study aims to determine if there is any significant difference in EI of the local and foreign students, if the emotional intelligence effect the academic achievement and it also differs in local and foreign students. This study reveals that people be evaluated on their own merit of emotional intelligence rather their academic success (James Irene, 2003). Empirical research has produced evidence suggesting that the ability to assess, regulate and utilize emotions (i.e. emotional intelligence) is important to the performance of workers, study reveals that the potential for enhanced emotional capabilities could be improved and there is strong relationship of emotional intelligence and academic achievement (Jaeger, 2003). The Oxford Dictionary of English defines optimism as hopefulness and confidence about the future or the success of something. Optimism is a state where people believe that there are more chances of things going well and good, rather than their going bad. According to Seligman (1991) optimism is: Changing the destructive things you say to yourself when you experience the setbacks that life deals us, is the central skill of optimism. Optimism can also be defined as the tendency to believe that one will generally experience good versus bad outcomes in life (Scheier Carver, 1987). It is the mental state wherein people believe that things are more likely to go well for them than go badly, it is always expecting good for the future and having faith on ones ownself. Seligman (1991) views that optimism is a belief that the actions of individual matters. Optimism is an explanatory style, and individual with this style or optimistic individuals 1) see that the causes of good events in life are permanent (e.g., due to their abilities, their traits and their genes etc.) and bad events have their causes as temporarily, (2) they generalized good events instead of bad ones, (3) dont blame themselves for bad events instead see that good events are because of them (Gatz, 1998). The main advantages of optimism may be found in increasing persistence and commitment during the phase of action toward a chosen goal, and in improving the ability to tolerate uncontrollable suffering. References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase Optimism is another emotional competence that leads to increased productivity. Optimistic individuals when have confidence on themselves and have good expectations and hope, it will increase the performance in better way, optimistic individuals can better deals with life stressors, when these stressors could not effect their good performance the productivity or achievement in any phase of life will increase. (Seligman, 1990). On the whole, research on optimism indicates that a positive orientation toward life leads to managing difficult situations with less subjective stress and less negative impact on physical well-being. Optimists generally accept reality more readily and try to take active and constructive steps to solve their problems, whereas pessimists are more likely to engage in escape and tend to give up in their efforts to achieve goals (Scheier Carver, 1992). Another debate regarding optimism is that whether it can or cannot be learned. Several researches show that optimism is a way of thinking that can be learned. Seligman (1991), in his book, Learned Optimism told that optimism can be learned. Researches support the theory that being optimistic has many benefits, and that being pessimistic has many costs, on a persons overall quality of life (McCambridge, Strang, Butler, Keaney, Anderson, 2006). According to another study, optimism leads to better academic performance as optimistic individuals can better deal with the stressors and thus they give better results (Whipple, Gootman, 2001). In one study conducted on optimism it is noted that optimism and thinking are positively related with problem solving, optimistic person tackle situation in a better way and find out better solution (Schwarz, Tesser, 2001). In another study conducted by Merrell (2001) it is proved that an optimistic person can better cope with difficulties and is more flexible and durable in bad situations and hardships of life then a pessimistic person (Merrell, 2001). Research shows that optimist people can better deal with failure, firstly because they think of failure as something that can be changed and secondly they can manage stress and rise better from hardships (Whipple, Gootman, 2001). Page and Wayne (2007) found that academic optimism is a school characteristic that predicts student achievement even controlling for socioeconomic status. The study presented that positive psychology variables (hope, optimism, mindfulness) are stronger in high achieving students than in low achieving students. (Pajares, 2001). Nonis, A. S. Wright, D (2003) investigated that student performance has become an increasingly important topic in higher education, the study aimed to discover that to what extent student ability, achievement, striv1ing and situational optimism influence performance outcomes and to investigate the interactive effects of ability and achievement as well as situational optimism on student performance outcomes. In educational institutions, success is measured by academic performance, or how well a student meets standards set out by local government and the institution itself. In academic achievement students performance will be measured through grades of a year. Academic achievement is defined as the quality and quantity of a students work. The study aims to measure the academic achievement in terms of emotional intelligence and optimism, for this purpose the sample will be taken from the higher Secondary School students of A levels. A levels is considered the alternative qualification in Pakistan. Most common alternative qualification is the General Certificate of Education or GCE, where HSSC is replaced with Advanced Level or A Level respectively. GCE AS/A Level are managed by British examination boards of Cambridge Assessment or CIE of the company of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate or UCLES. Another British examination board that offers GCE AS/A Level is Edexcel of the company of Pearson PLC. However, CIE qualifications of GCE are much preferred option than those of Edexcel. These qualifications are coming to be more respected socially and in terms of job employment. In Pakistan the most of the students are in schools which are SCC or HSSC but for few years people who are stable financially prefe rred the alternative qualification system because there is a big difference in both school systems, from courses to extracurricular activities, even teaching style is different and most of the population of Pakistan belongs to the middle class so people cannot afford their children to be in O/A levels. Academic success is important because it is strongly linked to the positive outcomes value for children. Research shows that adults with high levels of education are more likely to be employed, and to earn higher salaries (National Center for Education Statistics, 2001; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1999). Newhouse Beegle (2005) evaluated the impact of school type on academic achievement of junior secondary school students in Indonesia. The findings are from Indonesia showed that private schools provide with children the best education and put more effort in the studies of children. In the present study sample is from the private (British school), emotional intelligence and optimism will be measured from the participants from these schools. Research also shows that people who are academically successful are more stable in their employment; more likely to have health insurance; are less dependent on public assistance; are less likely to engage in criminal activity; are more active as citizens and charitable volunteers; and are healthier (National Alliance of Business, 1998). Researchers have been challenged to go beyond socioeconomic status in the search for school level characteristics that make a difference in student achievement. The purpose of the study was to identify a new construct academic optimism that is having a positive attitude towards the academic achievement and towards education and then explain the student achievement while controlling socioeconomic status (Hoy et al, 2006). Rationale A level students are mostly at the age of adolescent which is the peak time to decide their career and personality development is completing and they are going through lots of emotional disturbances because there is a lot of studies pressure which can lead to depression and low self-esteem and sometimes resulted in suicide so the study will help to understand that being positive and emotionally intelligent students will be booming in academic achievement. It will provide the level of optimism in A level students that can help teachers and parents to develop optimism in their adolescents because optimism is not always inborn, it can b erudite as well. It will reveal the relationship of optimism, emotional intelligence and academic achievement to facilitate the students opt their line of business prospects, and career selection. A levels students are taken as a sample because of their more or less same socio economic status. Hypotheses The study hypothesized that: There is a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement. The more higher the emotional intelligence and optimism the greater will be the academic achievement. Method Participants For the present study Purposive sampling technique was used for the sample selection, the sample consisted of the 45 girls and boys in equal number from the British schools (Cambridge board and Edexcel affiliated schools) of Rawalpindi. Data was collected from three schools including Froebels, Saint Marry and Roots School System. All the students of A Levels from these schools were taken as the sample and the age of participants ranged from 16-20 years. Inclusion Criteria All the adolescents age ranging from 16 22 years and students of A levels were the part of the study. New inductions or the students at least in school for more than one year were also included in the sample. Exclusion Criteria Adolescents with any disability (mental or physical) and below age 16 years or above 20 years were not included in the study. Instrument The protocol consists of the following: Data Demographic Sheet Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (Schutte, Malouff and Bhullar, 1998) Life Orientation Test ( Scheier, Carver and Bridges, 1994) Data Demographic Sheet Demographic data was collected in terms of age, gender, school, main subject, favourite Subject, extracurricular activities, birth order and personal evaluation for academic achievement. Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) (Schutte, Malouff and Bhullar, 1998) In the present study emotional intelligence was operationally defined in terms of scores on the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test, where high scores indicate more characteristic of emotional intelligence and low scores indicate that the person is not much emotionally intelligent. Schutte self report emotional intelligence scale is a 33 item self report measure of emotional intelligence developed by Nicola S. Schutte, John M. Malouff and Navjot Bhullar in 1998. Schutte self report emotional intelligence scale (SSEIT) is based on Salovey and Mayers (1990) original model of emotional intelligence. This model comprised of four basic components; the ability to recognize and express emotion; being able to access and utilize emotions to enable thought; the ability to understand emotions; and to manage emotions. The most widely used subscales derived from the 33 item Assessing Emotion Scale are those based on four factors. Which were described as: perception of emotion, managing emotions in the self. Social skills or managing others emotions and d utilizing emotion. The items comprising the subscales based on these factors are: perception of emotion (items 5, 9, 15, 18, 19, 22, 25, 29, 32, 33), managing emotions in the self. Social skills or managing others emotions (items 2, 3, 10, 12, 14, 21, 23, 28, 31) and utilizing emotion (items 6, 7, 8, 17, 20, 27). All items are included in one of these subscales. Respondents rate themselves on the item using the five point scale. Respondents require average five minutes to complete the scale. Total scale score are calculated by reverse scoring item 5, 28 and 33, and then summing all items. Scores can range from 33 to 165, with higher scoring indicate more characteristic emotional intelligence. The items for the original Assessing Emotions Scale were in English (Schutte et al, 1998) and most studies utilizing the scale have used the English language version of the scale. In the present study the original English language version was used. Life Orientation Test (LOT) (Scheier, Carver and Bridges, 1994) In the present study Life Orientation Test is operationally defined in terms of Life Orientation Test where high scores indicate that there is more optimism and low scores indicate the pessimism. Life orientation test is the 10 item test developed by Michael F. Scheier, Charlse S. Carver and Michael W. Bridges in 1994. Respondents rate themselves on the item using the five point scale (1-5). Respondents require average five minutes to complete the scale. Total scale score are calculated by reverse scoring item 3, 7 and 9, and then summing all items. Scores can range from 10 to 50, with higher scoring indicate more optimism. In the present study the original English language version was used. Academic Achievement Academic achievement was measured through the grades of the participants of their last semester; all the schools included in the study had the same grading system of Cambridge System and Edexcel. The division of grades according to the percentages are given below: A* = Above 90% A = 80 89% B = 70 79% All the participants fall between these grades. No participant was below 70%. Procedure Data was collected from the British schools of Rawalpindi, three schools including Froebels, Saint Marry and Roots School System. For the purpose of collecting data consent was taken from the school authorities and the purpose of the study was explained to them (school administration). After getting their approval, reference letters were taken for their schools. Consent from participants was taken after explaining them about the nature and purpose of study. Pilot study was done in the school Froebels to check the reliability of both scales Schutte self report emotional intelligence scale (r = .72) and life orientation test (r = .67). Six students were included in the pilot study. After the pilot study the reliability obtained from questionnaires showed that the questionnaires are reliable then data collection process was started. Participants were taken from the British schools of Rawalpindi with the help of respected coordinator of A levels. Participants were given verbal instruction regarding questionnaires, and they were provided with two questionnaires (SSEIT, LOT-R and demographic sheet) and their questions about topic were answered. Average time taken by participants to fill the questionnaire was about 15 minutes. After the completion of the data collection the grades of the each participant of their last semester were taken from their school record with the permission of the school authorities. Data collection was completed in about 20 days. After data collection, data was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 0.13) and analyzed the data i.e. frequencies, percentages, pearson correlation and t-test was applied on the data. Results Study was conducted to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement. A sample of 50 A level students (both girls and boys=25) were selected from 3 schools of Rawalpindi, and protocols were administered on them. Then the data collected was analyzed in SPSS. For this purpose Pearson correlation was used. And also to see whether there is any Gender difference regarding variables of optimism and emotional intelligence in the data independent sample t-test was applied. Table 1 Frequency and Percentage of demographic variable. (N = 50) Table shows frequency and percentage of participants according to demographic variables of age, gender school name and grades. Table 2 Frequency and percentage of demographic variables in terms of main subject, personal evaluation of grades and extracurricular activities. (N = 50) Table shows frequency and percentage of participants according to demographic variables of main subject, personal evaluation of grades and extracurricular activities. Table 3 Pearson Correlation between Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence (SSEIT) and Academic Achievement. Table shows person co-relation (two-tailed level) between optimism, emotional intelligence, academic achievement and sub scales of emotional intelligence (perception of emotion, managing emotion in self and utilizing emotion). Relationship between the optimism and academic achievement is significantly positive (r=.322*, pà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ .05). Relationship between optimism and emotional intelligence is significant and positive (r=.367**, pà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤0.01). Relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement is also positive and significant (r=.421**, pà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤0.01). Table 4 Table shows that there is no significant difference in level of optimism in girls and boys. It showed that on average scores on life orientation scale (measuring optimism) have no considerable gender differences. Table 5 Table shows that there is no significant difference in level of optimism in girls and boys. It showed that on average scores on Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (emotional intelligence) have no considerable gender differences. Table 6 Table shows that the students with A* grades 15(30%) were above average which indicates that the students are more optimistic than the students with B grade 1(2%) 0f average and (0%) of above average. A graders are only (8%) above average, which means more optimistic students perform well in academics. Table 7 Table shows that the students with A* grades 17(34%) were above average which indicates that the students are more emotionally intelligent than the students with B grade 1(2%) 0f average and (0%) of above average. A graders are only 6(12%) above average, which means more emotionally intelligent students perform well in academics. Discussion The present study examined relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement in A level students. Main objectives of the study were to find out the relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement in A level students that whether the student achieving high grades is emotionally intelligent and optimistic. To accomplish the objective fifty Students were selected from three different schools of Rawalpindi, both girls and boys. And they completed the protocols (Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test and Life Orientation Test-Revise). Results indicate the relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement. Table demonstrates that emotional intelligence and optimism has a significant relationship with academic achievement. It means that if emotional intelligence and optimism is high in students it would result in better positive academic achievement. If the student is emotionally intelligent and optimistic then he or she will excel in his academics. Results showed the positive relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic achievement that if the student is performing well in academics he/she is emotionally intelligent and optimistic. Relationship is also been proved with the previous research, Abdullah et al (2004) found the positive relationship between EQ and academic achievement. Another study examined that the emotions, feelings, and values are vital for a persons well being and achievement in life, and if these emotions are used in positive manner then it will lead to success. (Ediger, 1997). Abisamra (2000) found no significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement, the study was conducted on eleventh graders. Another study showed the positive relationship among emotional intelligence and academic achievement that students who score high on emotional intelligence tend to have good academic performance as compared to those who score low on emotional intelligence scale (Farooq, 2003). There is significantly positive relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement (r=.421**, pà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤0.01) which means the student doing well in his/her academics also sc ored high on emotional intelligence (see Table 3).   The relationship of optimism and academic achievement has also been proved with previous researches, optimism leads to better academic performance as optimistic individuals can better deal with the stressors and thus they give better results (Whipple, Gootman, 2001). Another study conducted by Pajares (2001) findings indicates that constructs like optimism drawn from positive psychology can help explain academic motivation and achievement. The optimistic student can better cope with his/her the daily stressors of academic life and have the positive expectations for the future, results showed the significantly positive relationship between optimism and academic achievement (r=.322*, pà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤0.05) (see Table 3). Results on gender difference indicated no significant difference in girls and boys. It reveals that no gender differences regarding emotional intelligence and optimism. T-test was applied to see the gender difference in data. It revealed the same results as concluded by the He

Longfellows Unique American Hero in Evangeline :: Longfellow Evangeline Essays

Longfellow's Unique American hero in Evangeline      Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: Longfellow's portrayal of the American Adam is set apart in that he does not praise this character as a role model for others. The concept of the American Adam is seen in a different light through the depiction of Basil in the narrative poem Evangeline.    R.W.B. Lewis explores the quest of the writers of the American Renaissance to create a literature that is uniquely American in his 1955 text, The American Adam: Innocence, Tragedy, and Tradition in the Nineteenth Century. This is accomplished through the image of "the authentic American as a figure of heroic innocence and vast potentialities, poised at the start of a new history" (Lewis 1). David S. Reynolds explains that these writers are working under the influence of "classic themes and devices" and producing "truly American texts" (5). Lewis convincingly argues "that the new hero" is "most easily identified with Adam before the Fall" (5). Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass, Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, and the works of several others of the period are tied to the creation of this new Adam, but the contribution of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is largely neglected. Longfellow's portrayal of the American Adam is set apart in that he does not praise this character as a role model for others. The concept of the American Adam is seen in a different light through the depiction of Basil in the narrative poem Evangeline.    Evangeline is the tale of an Acadian woman's journey to find her lost lover after her people are exiled from their native Nova Scotia. Longfellow describes the state of the Acadians after this exile early in the second part of the poem:       Far asunder, on separate coasts, the Acadians landed;    Scattered were they, like flakes of snow, when the wind from the northeast    Strikes aslant though the fogs that darken the Banks of Newfoundland.    Friendless, homeless, hopeless, they wandered from city to city [. . .].    (38-39)    These lines reveal that the Acadians represent a people forced to start their lives anew in a land that is completely foreign to them.

Ideal Woman :: essays research papers fc

Does anybody know what the ideal woman is supposed to look like? Is this woman thin and tall or fat and short? Why are woman judged on how they look and how they dress, but males are not? Why are images of woman everywhere? Why do woman feel that they have to be gorgeous so society can love her? Believe it or not, society plays a big role in people lives. The biggest role it probably plays is how a female should look. For instance, if you look at the television, if you look at movies, and if you look in different magazines covers, most of the woman appears to look thin. Other woman sees this body image and they began to think they need to look like her. Most actresses today are becoming younger and thinner and some of them have an eating disorder in order to stay thin. Trying to keep the Barbie doll image is very dangerous to woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is kind of hard to believe that some of our wants and needs are based on images, the Barbie doll look. According to Olds, 69% of woman said that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape (Olds, 1999). The media send messages that if you are thin and beautiful then you will get whatever you want. According to a study by Health and Welfare Canada (1992), they documented that 37% of females age 11, 42% of females age 13, and 48% of female’s age 15 say they need to lose weight (National Eating Disorders Information Centre, 2000). Most women do not realize this but the media sends woman subliminal messages through television. The average woman sees about 400 to 600 advertisements per day (Dittrich), and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media (LaVoie). These messages from the media tells woman in order to be successful you must be attractive and thin, which is not really true. T oday beautiful young and thin woman sees everything. They sell products from alcohol to shoes, you see them everywhere. These messages tell woman that appearance is more important than character and personality. According to the Health Canada (1997), â€Å"In the western culture slim is promoted not only as beautiful, healthy, and sexy but self-disciplined and good. Attractive people are perceived to be kind, interesting, outgoing, and to have a variety of socially desirable character traits. Ideal Woman :: essays research papers fc Does anybody know what the ideal woman is supposed to look like? Is this woman thin and tall or fat and short? Why are woman judged on how they look and how they dress, but males are not? Why are images of woman everywhere? Why do woman feel that they have to be gorgeous so society can love her? Believe it or not, society plays a big role in people lives. The biggest role it probably plays is how a female should look. For instance, if you look at the television, if you look at movies, and if you look in different magazines covers, most of the woman appears to look thin. Other woman sees this body image and they began to think they need to look like her. Most actresses today are becoming younger and thinner and some of them have an eating disorder in order to stay thin. Trying to keep the Barbie doll image is very dangerous to woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is kind of hard to believe that some of our wants and needs are based on images, the Barbie doll look. According to Olds, 69% of woman said that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape (Olds, 1999). The media send messages that if you are thin and beautiful then you will get whatever you want. According to a study by Health and Welfare Canada (1992), they documented that 37% of females age 11, 42% of females age 13, and 48% of female’s age 15 say they need to lose weight (National Eating Disorders Information Centre, 2000). Most women do not realize this but the media sends woman subliminal messages through television. The average woman sees about 400 to 600 advertisements per day (Dittrich), and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media (LaVoie). These messages from the media tells woman in order to be successful you must be attractive and thin, which is not really true. T oday beautiful young and thin woman sees everything. They sell products from alcohol to shoes, you see them everywhere. These messages tell woman that appearance is more important than character and personality. According to the Health Canada (1997), â€Å"In the western culture slim is promoted not only as beautiful, healthy, and sexy but self-disciplined and good. Attractive people are perceived to be kind, interesting, outgoing, and to have a variety of socially desirable character traits.

Analysis of the Movie, The Insider Essay -- Insider Movie Film Analys

The Insider (1999) is a film rife with ethical dilemmas, suspense and controversy. It is based on a true story related to a 1994 episode of the CBS news show 60 Minutes that never aired. The plot puts Dr. Jeffrey Wigand (Russell Crowe) at odds with Brown & Williamson, the third largest tobacco companies in the country. Wigand was fired from his position as Vice President of Research and Development, at which he was instructed to hide information related to the addictive nature of nicotine. The plot takes off when Lowell Bergman (Al Pacino), producer for 60 Minutes, discovers that Wigand has a story to tell. The best way for Wigand to tell that story is with the help of Bergman, via an interview aired on 60 Minutes. However, tobacco companies have a history of viciously defending their profits, by whatever means necessary, and Brown & Williamson does just that. The story hits a climax as the interests and incentives of the television station CBS, 60 Minutes, Dr. Wigand and Brown & Williamson are played out. Portrayal of Business The film portrays business in an extremely negative light. It focuses on two central conflicts – one between Brown & Williamson and Wigand, the other between CBS Corporation and Bergman. Brown & Williamson is the primary antagonist. The film is ripe with examples of the bad things they do. Their principle, most damaging offense is deceit. They are charged with covering up the addictive properties of nicotine and finding ways to exploit it to increase profits. For example, in Wigand’s interview for 60 Minutes, he says that tobacco companies view cigarettes only as a delivery device for nicotine. He also says they take advantage of the addictive properties by manipulating and adj... ...ons, the responsibility that power implies and the responsibility of media as a corporate watchdog. It seems obvious that large corporations have a tendency to ignore the negative effects of their actions in favor of profit. This example, although sensationalized, still says to me that with power comes responsibility. It affirmed my belief that a corporation’s goal cannot be just to provide profit to shareholders, but there must also be an element of social responsibility. It also made me think about media’s role in business. I think it should be just as portrayed in this film. Bergman relentlessly pursued the truth, using a very credible source. Too often today, media is spoon fed by corporations. Media has a responsibility to objectivity that can be important in keeping businesses honest. But, it’s really up to media to maintain that objectivity.

Reflection “The Boondock Saints”

Reflections on â€Å"The Boondock Saints† Directions: In three paragraphs write your reflections of the Movie â€Å"The Boondock Saints†, answering the following: 1) What are the ethical issues you see in the movie? List several and describe their ethical or moral concern. 2) How does the plot relate to â€Å"Utilitarian Ethics†? â€Å"Pluralism/Pragmatism†? â€Å"Social Contract Ethics†? Use examples from the movie and show a connection each (e. g. , Act vs Rule Utilitarianism and the value of consequences, Addressing multiple & conflicting values, Type(s)/theme(s) of Social Contracts evidencing, a la Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke, Gauthier). ) Utilitarian ethics, because people on the movie judge the rightness or wrongness of an act, so it produces consequences to the greatest balance of pleasure over suffering for everyone involved. Social contract, at the end of the movie people of the state agreed that boondock saints kill trash people, so their prim e motive being the desire for protection, which entails the surrender of some or all perosonal liberties. 2) The plot is related to utilitarian ethics, because we saw how the Boondock Saints judged people by making what they consider divine justice â€Å" kill people†.Pragmatism, because the Boondock Saints were putting their truths or beliefs in the term of action or parctical application by killing people. Social contract, because the society agreeded the Boondock Saint’s actions to get protection, to they the Boondock Saints were cleaning the society in the state. Act utilitarianism Vs. rule: the boondock saints did acts and rules judging rightness and wrongness that maximized pleasure and minimized suffering.An example of act utilitarianism is that when Connor and Morphy killed people from the mafia they were feeling pleasure judging wongness. An example of rule u. , they trusted that their own rules were right to God. Finally, this movie is an example of social co ntract and utilitarianism, during the movie we saw the boondock saints having conflicts values in the society when they killed the minister inside the church in front of many people. It created doubts for people about which is true righteousness from God or from the men.

TM Allegory

Ululating miss Kanji Ms. Huggins AP Literature 1 15 Jan aura 2015 Gorges Metamorphosis as Allegory An allegory is a bill in which char accomplishmenters, events, and settings symbolize abstract act or moral concepts from the real world. utilize PASSAGES/ QUOTES from the entire text as needed, relieve the following allegorical connections to The Metamorphosis. In early(a) words, explain how/when these ideas are developed in the text.The isolation of an individual results in a spiritual death that dehumidifies the lonely person. In what ways is Gregory euthanized by his isolation? What active his life leads him to feel isolated? He found it difficult to bear double-dealing down quietly during the night and in short eating no longer gave him the slightest pleasure. So for diversion he acquired the habit of weirdo back and forth across the walls and ceiling. He was especially fond of hanging from the ceiling. (Kafka, 1915) Gregory is unexpended alone most of the time. He tho ti me he isnt lone is when his babe comes to feed him. Isolation has brought out much insect homogeneous characteristics in Gregory. He feels more comfortable hanging elevation off the ceiling like a bat. A normal human cannot make out being upside down like he did. The transformation and the fear that he will hurt or frighten away his family members A real life slur that relates to this passage is the history of African Americans and Jewish people.

Red Bull Marketing Analysis

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